Romans in Judea

—Roman intervention became decisive when Pompey entered Jerusalem in 63 BC. After periods of client kingship, Judea came under direct Roman prefectural administration in AD 6, while other territories remained under Herodian rulers. Rome allowed Jewish worship and much local legal administration but imposed taxation, customs duties, military oversight, and final control over capital punishment. Governors normally resided at Caesarea; additional troops were stationed in Jerusalem during pilgrimage festivals, with the Antonia Fortress guarding the Temple area.