Pharaoh
Archimandrite Nikifor’s Biblical Encyclopedia
(Gen. 12:15; Exod. 1:11; Rom. 9:17, and elsewhere)—the royal title used for the kings of ancient Egypt. Scripture applies it to several rulers, often without giving a personal name: the pharaohs in the narratives of Abraham, Joseph, Israel’s oppression, and the Exodus; Solomon’s Egyptian father-in-law; Shishak, who invaded Judah under Rehoboam; So, with whom Hoshea sought an alliance; Necho, who defeated and killed Josiah at Megiddo; and Hophra, named by Jeremiah (Gen. 12:10–20; 41; Exod. 1–14; 1 Kings 3:1; 14:25–26; 2 Kings 17:4; 23:29; Jer. 44:30; 47:1).