Jasper
Archimandrite Nikifor’s Biblical Encyclopedia
—a precious stone named in both Testaments. It occupied the third place in the fourth row of Aaron’s breastpiece (Exod. 28:20) and appears among the stones associated with Tyre (Ezek. 28:13). Revelation compares the One seated on the throne to jasper and carnelian (Rev. 4:3); the radiance of the New Jerusalem is like crystal-clear jasper, its wall is built of jasper, and jasper is its first foundation stone (Rev. 21:11, 18-19).